Merits of Fasting
Fasting is one of the greatest and most glorious acts of worship that draws one closer to Allaah The Almighty. It is the practice of the righteous and pious, which purifies the soul and edifies one’s moral character. It is the school of piety and the house of guidance. Whoever enters it with a true intention, following the example of the Prophet will come out of Ramadan with it testifying that he is upon the straight path, and will be among those who will be saved in this world and in the Hereafter.
Little wonder then, that one finds numerous texts in connection with the merits of fasting, to clarify its impact and its great reward, and what is prepared by Allaah The Almighty for those who observe it, to urge the Muslim to fast more often, and to make easy whatever suffering and trouble he may endure in performing it.
It has been reported that fasting acts as a protective shield that saves the servant from Hellfire. It is narrated on the authority of Jaabir ibn ‘Abdullaah that he said, “The Messenger of Allaah said: “Verily, fasting is a protective shield therewith a servant saves himself from Hellfire.”
[Ahmad]
It also diminishes and disciplines the strength of sexual desire. That is why the Messenger of Allaah guided the youth who could not afford marriage to seek the aid of fasting to diminish their sexual desires. It is narrated on the authority of ‘Abdullaah ibn Mas‘ood that he said, “The Messenger of Allaah said: “O community of youth! Whoever can afford marriage, let him marry for it is more convenient to preserve the gaze and guard the private parts, otherwise, let him fast, since it diminishes his sexual desire.”
[Al-Bukhaari and Muslim]
It is also reported that fasting is one of the gateways to Paradise. It is narrated on the authority of Abu Umaamah that he said, “O Messenger of Allaah! Enjoin upon me something wherewith Allaah may benefit me.” He said: “I advise you to stick to fasting, for there is nothing like it.” [An-Nasaa’i] Here, the Messenger of Allaah clarifies that there is nothing like fasting to draw the servant near his Lord The Exalted, The Almighty.
Furthermore, Al-Mustafa (the Perfectly-Chosen one) the Prophet said that in Paradise, there is a gate exclusive to the fasting persons, through which none save them will enter. It is narrated on the authority of Sahl ibn Sa’d that he said, “The Messenger of Allaah said: “There is a gate in Paradise called Ar-Rayyaan, and those who observe fasts will enter through it on the Day of Judgment through which none except them will enter. It will be said: Where are those who used to observe fasts? They will get up, and none except them will enter through it. After their entry the gate will be closed and nobody will enter through it.”
[Al-Bukhaari and Muslim]
It is further reported that fasting will intercede on the Day of Judgment for the one who performs it. It is narrated on the authority of ‘Abdullaah ibn ‘Amr ibn Al-‘Aas that he said: the Messenger of Allaah said:
“Verily, fasting and the Quran will intercede for the servant on the Day of Judgment. Fasting will say: ‘O Lord! I prevented him from food, drink and sexual desires during the day. So, please, accept my intercession for him.’ The Noble Quran will say: ‘O Lord! I prevented him from sleep at night. So, please, accept my intercession for him.’” He (the Prophet, salallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) said: “Then, they will be permitted to intercede.”
[Ahmad]
Fasting is one of the greatest means to obtain forgiveness for sins and removal of misdeeds. It is narrated on the authority of Abu Hurayrah that he said, “The Messenger of Allaah said: “He who observes the fasts of Ramadan, out of sincere faith, and expecting the reward from Allaah, his previous sins will be forgiven.”
[Al-Bukhaari and Muslim] That is out of faith in the fact that Allaah The Almighty enjoined fasting upon him, and expecting the reward for that fasting from Allaah The Almighty. It is narrated on the authority of Huthayfah ibn Al-Yamaan that he said, “The Messenger of Allaah said: “The man’s trial in his family, property, children and neighbor is removed by prayer, fasting and charity.”
[Al-Bukhaari and Muslim]
The reward of fasting is unlimited, boundless; for the fasting person is given his reward without reckoning. It is narrated on the authority of Abu Hurayrah that he said, “The Messenger of Allaah said: “Allaah The Almighty Says: “All the deeds done by man are for him, save fasting, which is for Me, and for which I will give a reward.”
[Al-Bukhaari and Muslim].
According to another narration: “All deeds done by man are multiplied as much as ten to seven hundred times – Allaah The Exalted Says – save fasting, which is for Me, and for which I will give a reward, as in it one leaves his food and sexual desire for My Sake.” [Muslim] Thus, Allaah The Almighty chose fasting, from among all the deeds, for Himself, due to its honor in His sight, and since it is a secret between the servant and his Lord, which no one knows except Allaah The Almighty.
Fasting is a means to attain the happiness of both abodes. It is narrated on the authority of Abu Hurayrah from the Messenger of Allaah that he said: “The fasting person rejoices twice: he rejoices at the time of breaking his fast, and he will rejoice when he meets his Lord.” [Al-Bukhaari and Muslim] When he breaks his fast, he rejoices in the favor conferred upon him by Allaah The Almighty, that He has enabled him to do this act of worship perfectly, and in what Allaah The Almighty has made permissible for him, of food and drink, which had been forbidden to him during his fast. When he meets his Lord The Almighty, he will rejoice in receiving the reward of his fasting in full at a time he will be in the direst need of it.
Among the merits of fasting is that the unpleasant breath coming from the mouth of the fasting person, as a result of the stomach being empty, is sweeter, in the sight of Allaah, than the scent of musk. As detestable as this smell might seem to people, it is pleasant to Allaah The Almighty, because it ensues from worship and obedience, and is evidence of the great position of fasting in the sight of Allaah The Almighty.
These are some of the merits and effects of fasting, and they, all together, bring one to the very end for which it has been ordained, which is to obtain piety, thereby attaining the good pleasure of Allaah in this world and in the Hereafter.
Wisdom behind Fasting
Whenever the month of Ramadan begins and the sighting of its crescent is affirmed, this marks the celebration of the willpower and strong determination of every Muslim. Muslims fast in the month of Ramadan out of obedience to their Lord and their urge to benefit from such a great spiritual experience. Muslims embark on a month-long spiritual journey of purification, hoping to disclose the wisdom behind fasting and obtain the abundant rewards of this blessed month, the fasting of which is one of the pillars of Islam.
The following are some of the rationales for fasting in this month:
1- The month of Ramadan is a practical self-training process on the sincerity and honesty of the believer. If the fasting person abstains from doing what is permissible such as eating and drinking during the day of fast, it is unbecoming of him to commit what is forbidden whether it is during fasting or at any other time. A wise man would not refrain from what is lawful out of his obedience to the commands of his Lord and commit what his Lord deemed prohibited during the month of Ramadan. Indeed, adultery is forbidden according to the consensus of Muslims. The person who commits adultery is not a fasting person even if he refrains from eating in Ramadan.
Fasting cultivates honesty in man that drives the believer to comply with the Commands of Allaah The Exalted at all times and in all situations. Allaah The Exalted Says (what means): {… that you may become righteous.}
[Quran 2:183]
This means that fasting teaches people to refrain from committing sins and wrongdoings, just like they abstain from eating and drinking during the fasting day.
2- Fasting is a holistic spiritual experience that poses a huge question mark for those who grasp the wisdom behind this obligation. A fasting person should ponder on the spirit of caring and sharing which fasting develops in Muslims. All fasting Muslims share the same pain, hunger, thirst, and bitterness of deprivation while fasting with the poor and needy. Ramadan creates a social and humanitarian context that fosters compassion for the needy around the world. By our voluntary hunger and thirst we realise what it means to be deprived of basic necessities of life.
Ramadan is a time to remember and help those who are less fortunate. Moreover, all Muslims also feel the joy of breaking their fast and relish thankfulness to Allaah The Exalted for His grace. The poor people rejoice at their wealthy brothers who are sharing their pain and suffering with them. They rejoice at the thought that their wealthy brothers help them to ward off the scourge of hunger and bitter deprivation. Fasting rejuvenates the concept of social solidarity among the Muslim community. Whoever fails to feel these refind feelings of brotherhood towards his fellow Muslims, has failed to perfect his fasting. Therefore, the Prophet said: “Whoever sleeps on a full stomach while his neighbor is hungry is not a believer.”
3- Fasting generates in man feelings of happiness, peace of mind and spiritual satisfaction and fosters the unity of the Muslim community. It inculcates in man the real spirit of social belonging, of unity and brotherhood. When one fasts, he feels that he is joining the whole Muslim society in observing the same duty in the same manner at the same time for the same motives and to the same end.
Fasting unites all Muslims. They all share the same sufferings and hardships of deprivation throughout the thirty-day self-discipline experience in which they break free from their habits. The Prophet said: “The fasting person has two occasions for joy, one when he breaks his fast (because of his breaking it) and the other when he meets his Lord (because of the reward for his fast).”
4- The month of Ramadan grounds in man self-control. It is the month of radical positive change. When he fasts, he is in control of himself and exercises full control over his habits and desires. At other times, one can not endure abstaining from eating and drinking for a short period of time. However, in the month of Ramadan, he may look at the food for which he craves, yet he would not dare to eat it out of his obedience to the commands of Allah The Exalted.
Indeed, one is not forced to fast in the month of Ramadan; [there is no authority to check man’s behavior or compel him to observe fasting.] One may pretend to be fasting in front of people, if his heart does not have any fear of his Lord. Fasting is an act of worship that is offered to Allaah The Exalted with full devotion and sincerity, hoping only for the rewards of Allaah The Exalted. Such sincere fasting people do not fear anyone but Allaah The Almighty. Therefore, the rewards for fasting are beyond measure and only Allaah The Exalted can identify such abundant rewards.
The Prophet said in a Hadeeth Qudsi (sacred narration): “Allaah The Exalted Says: “Every deed of the child of Aadam is for himself, except for fasting. It is for Me and I shall reward it.”
Hence, fasting people would be distinguished and honored on the Day of Judgment as they would enter Paradise through a special gate called Ar-Rayyaan. However, those who violated their fasting by committing sins and wrongdoings that jeopardize such an act of worship will be excluded.
5- Fasting has clear health and psychological benefits that were disclosed after scientific discoveries were made and the insights of those who were blessed with insight and good understanding of the divine obligation. A fasting person spends his days in carrying out one of the greatest acts, devoting his days and nights during that holy month in remembrance, glorification, and worship of Allaah and willfully rejects all temptations, abominations, and all the cravings of the human body.
Virtues of Fasting
It was narrated on the authority of Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said: “Fasting is a shield (from Hell).”
[Al-Bukhaari and Muslim]
Another narration by Ahmad reads: “Fasting is a shield and a strong fort (to safeguard one) from Hell.”
It was narrated on the authority of Jaabir that the Messenger of Allaah said: “Fasting is a shield wherewith the slave (fasting person) shields himself from Hell.”
[Ahmad]
It narrated on the authority of ‘Uthmaan ibn Abu Al-‘Aas Ath-Thaqafi that he said: “I heard the Messenger of Allaah say: ‘Fasting is a shield from Hell, like the shield of anyone of you from (the dangers of) fighting.
’” [Ahmad, An-Nasaa’i and Ibn Maajah]
It was narrated on the authority of Abu ‘Ubaydah ibn Al-Jarraah that he said, “I heard the Messenger of Allaah say: ‘Fasting is a shield as long as one (the fasting person) does not make a hole in it (i.e. violate it).’”
[Ahmad, An-Nasaa’i, At-Tayaalisi and Abu Ya‘la]
Benefits and rulings
First: Fasting is a means to curb desires that would lead their perpetrators to Hell. This is why it acts as a screen from the Fire. Al-‘Iraaqi said, “Fasting is a protective shield because it means abstaining from desires, and the Fire is surrounded by desires.”
Second: The virtue of fasting. Thus, the Muslim should observe much voluntary fasting if he has power to endure it, provided that it would not divert him from more preferable deeds such as the Jihaad and the like.
Third: The fasting that protects and screens from the Fire is that which is unstained with what would remove or reduce its reward, like backbiting, talebearing, telling lies and using foul words, as confirmed in the abovementioned narration of Abu ‘Ubaydah : “Fasting is a shield as long as one (the fasting person) does not make a hole in it (i.e. violate it).” Making holes in it would be by doing unlawful things. Hence, the fasting person is required to guard his fasting from all unlawful deeds that would remove and reduce its reward, so that it may indeed be a screen for him from the Fire (of Hell).
Fourth: The purpose of fasting is to purify souls and mend hearts, and not just to abstain from food and drink.
The significance of fasting
Fasting, is abstaining from eating, drinking and coitus from daybreak to sunset as a devotional ritual. Allaah, the Almighty Says in the Noble Quran (what means):
“O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous.” [Quran; 2:183]
That is: that you may fear Allaah, keep away from His prohibitions, and fulfill His Commands. Prophet Muhammad said: “Whoever does not give up forged speech and evil actions, Allaah is not in need of his leaving his food and drink (i.e. Allah will not accept his fasting.)”
[Al-Bukhaari]
This means that Allaah does not want us to abstain from eating and drinking only, rather, He wants us to refrain from evil deeds and vileness too. The Prophet instructed that a fasting person, if offended or abused, should say: “I am fasting.”
[Al-Bukhaari] By this, as though the fasting person says: “It is because I am fasting I do not return your abuses.” The offender at that point may feel embarrassed, and desist.
What is the purpose of Fasting?
The purpose of fasting is not physical training to endure hunger, thirst and exhaustion; rather, it is disciplining the ego to relinquish the loved for the sake of the Beloved. The loved are the desires of eating, drinking, sexual activities etc., while the Beloved is Allaah, the Exalted.
Hence, it is imperative to keep in mind when we observe fasting that we do so only for the sake of Allaah. It becomes imperative on us to try our best to observe the rites that reflect our obedience to Allaah, such as the remembrance of Allaah, reading the Quran, supererogatory prayers, charitable deeds and donations, good manners, etc.
Fasting has great significances and aims, which, if carefully considered, instill in us much surprise. Among these significances, we mention the following:
First significance:
Fasting is linked with true faith in Allaah, the Most Exalted; that is why it has been reported that fasting is a secret act of worship since a person may break his fast, if he wishes, by eating, drinking or simply by not making the intention to fast (in which case his fast will not be accepted even if he remains fasting the whole day).
Fasting, then, is a hearty, secret worship that concerns only the servant and his Creator. When the servant knowingly gives up the things and acts that nullify the fast, despite his ability to reach them in secret, he gives indeed strong evidence of his certain belief that Allaah, the Almighty, watches over him in both his manifest and secret deeds. There is no doubt that in this kind of conduct is a significant training to strengthen faith in Allaah.
Second significance:
Fasting is also training for the servant to aspire to the Hereafter since, by fasting, he gives up some of the worldly matters, looking forward to Almighty Allaah’s reward. By observing the fast, he weighs the profit in terms of the condition in the Hereafter. However, those who measure things in materialistic terms are only concerned with the worldly aspect of fasting. As a result, they think of it as merely deprivation of the pleasures of life, which please the self and satisfy the body. They are not in the least concerned with the other aspect of its significance in the hereafter that constitutes the real reward and the genuine perpetuity. This attitude of their hearts weakens their aspiration for the hereafter and its eternal enjoyment.
Third significance:
Fasting is a practical embodiment of submission and servitude to Allaah, the Exalted, that the servant manifests by eating and drinking at night only in response to the call of his Lord, Allaah Who Says in the Noble Quran (what means):
“And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night].”
[Quran; 2:187].
That is why the fasting Muslim should eat at Iftaar (break fast) time, at sunset, and just before dawn (Suhoor, or the per-dawn meal) because continuous fasting (day and night) is forbidden in Sharee’ah (Islamic law).
The act of eating is, therefore, a form of worship of Allaah, the Almighty. When dawn starts, Muslims discontinue eating and drinking (and having sex with their spouses) in compliance with Allaah’s order, for He Says (what means): “…Then complete the fast until the night [i.e. sunset].”
[Quran; 2:187].
In this way, the Muslim is educated about complete servitude to Allaah, the Most High, in such a way that when his Lord commands, he complies. It is, therefore, not simply a matter of personal taste, whim and disposition, but a matter of obedience to Allaah and implementation of His Commands.
Fourth significance:
Fasting is similarly a form of education to the whole society since when the fasting Muslim feels that people around him are all fasting, he finds fast no longer difficult, but feels that he is in harmony with the society to which he belongs through worship, the unifying factor of the whole community. Whoever compares voluntary fasting to the obligatory fast in the month of Ramadan perceives a certain difficulty in the former and easiness in the latter due to the aforementioned reasons. That is why Muslims find it very difficult to spend the month of Ramadan away from Muslim environments.
The Virtue of Fasting Six Days of Shawwaal
It was narrated on the authority of Abu Ayyoob Al-Ansaari that the Prophet said: “Whoever fasts Ramadan and then fasts six days of Shawwaal, it is as if he fasts the whole year.”
[Muslim]
It was narrated on the authority of Thawbaan that the Prophet said: “Fasting Ramadan equals fasting ten months, and fasting six days [of Shawwaal] equals fasting two months. So both equal fasting the whole year.” In another narration, he said:
“Whoever fasts six days after breaking the fast [of Ramadan], it will be as if he fasted the whole year. Allaah The Almighty Says (what means): {Whoever comes [on the Day of Judgment] with a good deed will have ten times the like thereof [to his credit].}
[Quran 6:160]”
[Ahmad, Ad-Daarimi, Ibn Maajah, and An-Nasaa’i] [Ibn Khuzaymah and Ibn Hibaan: Saheeh]
Benefits and rulings:
First: The virtue of fasting six days of the month of Shawwaal, and that whoever keeps fasts them regularly after the month of Ramadan will be as if he has observed fasting all his life. This is a huge merit and a great deed.
Second: The mercy of Allaah The Almighty towards His slaves and His giving them huge rewards for their small deeds.
Third: It is recommended to fast the six days immediately in response to the command of competing in righteous deeds and lest the Muslim misses them or something distracts himher from fasting them.
Fourth: It is permissible to fast the six days at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of Shawwaal, consecutively or interruptedly. All this is permissible, and whatever the Muslim chooses is permissible and worthy of reward should Allaah The Almighty accept it from him.
[Al-Mughni and Sharh An-Nawawi]
Fifth: The Muslim who missed some days in Ramadan should make up for these days first and then fast the six days of Shawwaal based on the apparent meaning of the Hadeeth. The Prophet said: “Whoever fasts Ramadan…” which means fasting the whole month, and this does not apply to the Muslim who missed some days of Ramadan until he makes up for them. Moreover, freeing oneself from obligation is given precedence to doing a recommended act.
Sixth: Allaah The All-Wise made the obligatory acts of worship preceded and followed by voluntary ones, such as the confirmed Sunnah prayer before and after obligatory prayers as well as the permissibility of fasting during Sha‘baan and six days of Shawwaal while the obligatory fasting of Ramadan lies between them.
Seventh: Voluntary acts of worship compensate for the imperfection taking place in the obligatory acts of worship. The Muslim who is competent for religious assignment would definitely commit something which decreases the reward of his fast or blemishes it, such as unnecessary talk, uncontrolled looking, and the like
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